The reason for the rule is to protect children's bodies from the rigors of competitive gymnastics. It's a HUGE advantage to be younger and smaller, especially in the uneven bars, which is the event where the Chinese made the biggest gain (and where there is good evidence that all three gymnasts were well underage). If you doubt it's an advantage--think of Nadia Comaneci. 1976 - Gold medal with 7 perfect 10's at age 14. 1980 - Silver medal, no perfect 10's, age 18. Still good, but nothing like her 14-yo performance.
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